At present, most of the auxiliary light fixtures equipped with light trapping fishing boats are still traditional metal halide lamps. Fisheries companies and individuals are not willing to take the risk of using LED fishing lights. One of the reasons for this situation is that the LED fishing lights themselves are expensive, and on the other hand, the most important reason is that the fishery enterprises and individuals do not understand the actual effects and effects of the LED fishing lights. Production has a negative impact.
The effects of the luminaire include the brightness of the light, the depth of the light, and whether it affects the catch and fuel. Many scholars at home and abroad have conducted research and development on LED fishlights. MATSUSHITA et al. proposed to save fuel by mixing LED fishing lights and traditional metal halide lamps with Japanese offshore fishing vessels. YAMASHITA has verified the fishing effect of the combination of LED and metal halide lamps. Domestic scholars pay more attention to the study of the distribution of light and light field. The fishing boat is integrated as a point light source, and a reasonable arrangement scheme for single-ship and multi-ship fish-fishing lights is proposed. At the same time, some scholars have carried out many theoretical studies and proposed different theoretical calculation models and simulations.
In order to clarify whether the LED has the effect of collecting fish, whether it has a negative impact on the yield, the penetration of light in seawater, and the spectral distribution in the water, we conducted a real ship test and analysis of the LED fish lamp to provide a fishery. Practitioners and related researchers provide reference.
Materials and Methods
1.1LED fish light
At present, domestic LED fishing lights are mostly straight-type lamps. All the wicks are arranged in the same plane. If the secondary development is not carried out, the optical characteristics such as the light distribution curve of the lamps cannot be changed after leaving the factory. This project uses a new type of 300W three-row LED water fishing lamp, as shown in Figure 1 (a), which was developed by Shanghai Ocean University and Shanghai Jiabao Xie Li Electronics Co., Ltd.
The LED light collecting lamp and the traditional metal halide lamp are shown in Fig. 2. As can be seen from the figure, the intensity of the LED fish lamp in the 380-400 nm band is significantly lower than that of the metal halide lamp, and the band range belongs to the near-ultraviolet band. It causes the skin of the fishing workers to precipitate melanin, which makes the skin black and rapid aging and damage. By integrating the energy value of each band, it is found that the sum of the relative energy values ​​of the LED fish lamp is 285, and the relative value of the metal halide lamp energy is 1300. Although the relative value of the metal halide lamp is 4.5 times that of the LED fish lamp, The power consumption of the metal halide lamp is 6.6 times that of the LED fish lamp. It can be seen that the luminous efficiency of the LED fish lamp is significantly higher than that of the traditional metal halide lamp.
1.2 Experimental ship parameters
The parameters of the experimental fishing boat "Ningtai 61" are as follows: total length 51.80m, width 8.00m, depth 4.00m; total tonnage 490t, capacity 140t; main engine power 882kW, auxiliary machine power 250kW × 2 units, 150kW × 1 unit, 25kW × 1 set, quick freezing capacity 11t / d; metal halide lamp 100 × 2kW, LED fish light 100 × 300W. See Figure 3 for the arrangement of the fish lamp. The 2kW metal halide lamp is 2.9-3.0m from the upper deck and 5.5m from the lower deck; the lamp spacing is 0.58m; the LED fishlight is 3.7m from the upper deck and 6.3m from the lower deck; 0.1m. As a control group, “Ningtai 62†is only equipped with a 2kW metal halide fish lamp, and is not equipped with an LED fish lamp. The other parameters are the same.
1.3 test data
From June to July 2014, the ship “Ningtai 61†carried out field test illumination, spectral distribution, catch (yield) and energy consumption. The test sea area was 80°09'W-80°59'W, 15°05'S. -15°50'S; As a control experiment, the fishing area of ​​the ship "Ningtai 62" is 80°09'W-80°59'W, 15°03'S-15°55'S.
1.4 Test methods
The instruments used included underwater light meter ZDS-10W-2D, Hyperspectralprofiler II hyperspectral profiler (produced by Satlantic, Canada, spectral measurement range: 348 ~ 802nm; measuring depth 0 ~ 100m; water depth accuracy: 0.1m; resolution: 0.01m ).
During the operation, when measuring the LED fishing light and the 2kW metal halide fish lamp installed on the ship "Ningtai 61", alternately turn on the LED fish light and metal halide lamp 50ç›, set the sea surface on the ship side 21 For the photometric points, the spectral distribution at different locations was tested using a hyperspectral profiler, and the illuminance data was tested using an underwater illuminometer ZDS-10W-2D, see Figure 4. The light field experiment is carried out several times, and the optimal set of experimental data is taken. The same column of data is exponentially fitted, and the position of the specific illuminance value is calculated by using the fitting result. The data test conditions of this result are: wave height 0m, moon light intensity 0.02lx.
test results
2.1 illuminance comparison analysis
When the fisherman's lamp is turned on the right side of the fishing boat, the distance of 0.1~10lx formed by the LED fish lamp is about 25m to 35m on the side of the ship's side; the maximum distance of 0.1lx illumination can reach 35m, and the longest distance of 10lx can be Up to 25m, the illuminance within 15m of the ship's side is above 50lx. When the 50-inch metal halide lamp on the right side of the fishing vessel is opened, the best trapping area formed is approximately 30-45 m on the side of the ship, the longest distance of 0.1 lx can reach 45 m, and the longest distance of 10 lx can reach 30 m, within 20 m of the ship's edge. The sea surface illumination is above 50lx, and the test results are shown in Figure 5.
There is a certain gap between the illumination of the two lamps in the water. At 5m from the ship's side, the illuminance distribution at different depths from 0 to 20m is shown in Figure 6. The illuminance value of the LED fish lamp is 0.1lx, the deepest is about 21m underwater, only 5m lighter than the metal halide lamp; The illuminance value is 10lx and the deepest is about 12m, which is only 3m lighter than the metal halide lamp.
At 10m from the ship's side, the illuminance distribution at different depths from 0 to 20m is shown in Figure 7. The illuminance value of the LED fish lamp is 0.1lx, the deepest is about 16m underwater, only 3m lighter than the metal halide lamp; The illuminance value is 10lx, and the deepest is about 8m, which is only 2m lighter than the metal halide lamp.
2.2 Spectral changes and analysis
This paper analyzes and compares the spectra of two kinds of fish-fishing lights on board at a distance of 3m from the ship's side and the depths of 0.5m, 1.0m and 1.5m3 respectively, in order to understand the composition of the sea surface and seawater. And the effect of depth on spectral changes.
In seawater, the sum of the spectral energies decreases with increasing depth from 0.5 to 1.5 m, and the sum of the spectral distribution energy of LED lamps at the same depth is smaller than that of metal halide lamps. The LED light color from the spectral distribution is mainly yellow-green, followed by blue-violet, which is less in the infrared and ultraviolet bands, as shown in Figure 8(a); while the metal halide lamp has a wavelength of 500nm and 550nm. Peaks appear in the 580nm, 600nm and other bands, and also occupy a large proportion in the ultraviolet and infrared light, as shown in Figure 8(b).
LED light bulbs and metal halide lamps are attenuated during transmission in the sea, but the decay rates are inconsistent, and the decay rate is shown in Figure 9. The light formed by the metal halide lamp has a significantly lower rate of decay in seawater than the LED fish light. Metal halide lamps in the 500nm, 550nm, 580nm, 600nm and other bands, the rate of decline is also the fastest, while the LED fish lamp attenuation is slightly slower.
2.3 Analysis of output and energy saving effect
2.3.1 Analysis of the difference in production between test ship and reference ship
During the 45-day period of the investigation, the researchers recorded the catches of the two ships as shown in Figure 10. We make a hypothesis test on the output of the two ships. H0: The use of LED fish lamps does not affect the output. H1: The use of LED fish lamps has an impact on the yield. The Matlab analysis tool ttest2 is used for the two-sample difference test. The result is H= 0, so it is judged that the output of the two ships belong to the same normal distribution, and there is no difference.
2.3.2 Comparison of fuel consumption savings
During the period from June 1st to July 15th, 2014, the Ningtai No. 61 ship was involved in the actual fishery fishing operation, and the energy consumption and total catch of the test ship and the reference ship were recorded. The relevant data are shown in Table 1.
In order to cooperate with the test of the effect of LED fishing lights in the actual fishing operation, two ships, Ningtai 61 and Ningtai 62, operate in the same sea area, and the distance is within 4 nautical miles (nmile). Try to ensure two ships. Maintain consistency in terms of operating environment and resource status. At the same time, the fuel consumption of the workboat includes the main engine, the freezer, the fishing machine and the fishing light. Therefore, using the overall comparison of the fuel consumption of the two ships, we can see the fuel consumption saved by the LED.
Under such conditions, we can see that the total fuel of the 45-inch working ship 45d is about 14t, and the total output has reached 285t. Compared with the output of Ning 62, there is no significant difference. From the perspective of fuel alone, LED fishlights can save about 60% to 70% of fuel while not affecting fishing production. According to this calculation, there are about 300 Chinese squid fishing boats off the coast of Peru, Chile (outside the coast, more than 200nmile), including large squid fishing boats that have been transferred from the Atlantic Ocean. With 100 ç› metal halide lamps installed in each ship, all of them are replaced by 100 ç› LED fish illuminating lighting systems, which can save nearly 60,000 tons per year in the energy saving of fishing lamps.
discuss
In terms of illuminance value, 0.1Lx～10Lx is the optimal illumination area, and the illuminance produced by the LED fish lamp in the air is larger than that of the metal halide lamp; in seawater, the illuminance and gold halide generated by the LED fish lamp The difference in lights is small. It is 0m~10m below the water surface at 5m from the ship's side. The metal halide lamp is relatively high, but this depth is not the depth of the squid fishing. The squid in the sea surface is often vulnerable to being scared and hiding in the deeper water layer. Some scholars even suggest that the squid is afraid of glare. It is determined by genetic factors; and at a depth of 10m or more, the illumination of the two lamps is very close, so it can be considered that the underwater illumination of the LED light is suitable for the squid operation.
In terms of spectral distribution, compared with the metal halide lamp, the LED light collection lamp in the air has a higher sum of energy values ​​in each band of the metal halide lamp than the LED fish lamp. However, the higher the energy value of each band is, the better, for example, the 350-400 nm band is the ultraviolet band, and the energy value of the LED fish lamp in this segment is only half of the spectrum of the metal halide lamp; likewise, the 780-800 nm band is the infrared range. Direct exposure of the two bands of light to the human body will cause rapid skin aging and melanin precipitation, which will not contribute much to the process of attracting fish. The energy value of the LED fish lamp in this segment is only half of the spectrum of the metal halide lamp, so the LED fish collection The lamp is relatively safer and more environmentally friendly than the traditional metal halide light. In the water, the attenuation rate of each LED band of the LED fish lamp is smaller than that of the metal halide lamp, which explains to a large extent the reason why the LED fish lamp has higher penetration in water than the metal halide lamp. The LED fish lamp has a small attenuation rate in the 480-650 nm band. When the two lights enter the seawater, the yellow-green part of the metal halide lamp will disappear quickly, while the LED set fish lamp decays relatively slowly.
In terms of energy saving, LED fishing lights can save nearly 60% of fuel consumption compared to metal halide lamps. LED beam lights and metal halide lamps have different beam angles. Metal halide lamps belong to "universal light", while LED fish lamps have strong directivity. The LED light bulbs discussed in this paper have a maximum beam angle of only 112 degrees. . Nearly 75% of the metal halide light is projected into the air and on the deck, which not only causes waste of light, but also causes a certain degree of light pollution; the LED light collecting lamp projects most of the light onto the sea surface. In terms of fuel consumption, Qian Weiguo and other scholars have calculated the energy-saving effect of LED fishlights from the perspective of lamp efficiency and power, and the fuel consumption is only 1/3 of that of traditional metal halide lamps. The water cooling system used in the LED light collecting lamp used in this paper also needs to consume a certain amount of fuel, which offsets the energy saving effect of the LED fish collecting lamp to some extent, so the energy consumption of the cooling system should also be included in the energy saving calculation process.
The use of LED fishlights has no significant effect on the catch of the squid fishing vessel, and it can exert a better fish collecting effect. This paper mainly proves the fish trapping effect and water penetration of LED fishlights, and hopes to provide some reference for fishery workers and related researchers. However, the use of LED fishlights, fisheries engaged in enterprises and individuals for the initial capital investment is large, and the fishery enterprises and individuals are reluctant to try to modify the fishery without the significant increase in the effect of attracting fish. It is hoped that the national scientific research platform will create long-term fishing boats, which will lead to the driving effect, and finally make the LED fishing lights completely replace the traditional high-power metal halide lamps.
The effects of the luminaire include the brightness of the light, the depth of the light, and whether it affects the catch and fuel. Many scholars at home and abroad have conducted research and development on LED fishlights. MATSUSHITA et al. proposed to save fuel by mixing LED fishing lights and traditional metal halide lamps with Japanese offshore fishing vessels. YAMASHITA has verified the fishing effect of the combination of LED and metal halide lamps. Domestic scholars pay more attention to the study of the distribution of light and light field. The fishing boat is integrated as a point light source, and a reasonable arrangement scheme for single-ship and multi-ship fish-fishing lights is proposed. At the same time, some scholars have carried out many theoretical studies and proposed different theoretical calculation models and simulations.
In order to clarify whether the LED has the effect of collecting fish, whether it has a negative impact on the yield, the penetration of light in seawater, and the spectral distribution in the water, we conducted a real ship test and analysis of the LED fish lamp to provide a fishery. Practitioners and related researchers provide reference.
Materials and Methods
1.1LED fish light
At present, domestic LED fishing lights are mostly straight-type lamps. All the wicks are arranged in the same plane. If the secondary development is not carried out, the optical characteristics such as the light distribution curve of the lamps cannot be changed after leaving the factory. This project uses a new type of 300W three-row LED water fishing lamp, as shown in Figure 1 (a), which was developed by Shanghai Ocean University and Shanghai Jiabao Xie Li Electronics Co., Ltd.
The LED light collecting lamp and the traditional metal halide lamp are shown in Fig. 2. As can be seen from the figure, the intensity of the LED fish lamp in the 380-400 nm band is significantly lower than that of the metal halide lamp, and the band range belongs to the near-ultraviolet band. It causes the skin of the fishing workers to precipitate melanin, which makes the skin black and rapid aging and damage. By integrating the energy value of each band, it is found that the sum of the relative energy values ​​of the LED fish lamp is 285, and the relative value of the metal halide lamp energy is 1300. Although the relative value of the metal halide lamp is 4.5 times that of the LED fish lamp, The power consumption of the metal halide lamp is 6.6 times that of the LED fish lamp. It can be seen that the luminous efficiency of the LED fish lamp is significantly higher than that of the traditional metal halide lamp.
1.2 Experimental ship parameters
The parameters of the experimental fishing boat "Ningtai 61" are as follows: total length 51.80m, width 8.00m, depth 4.00m; total tonnage 490t, capacity 140t; main engine power 882kW, auxiliary machine power 250kW × 2 units, 150kW × 1 unit, 25kW × 1 set, quick freezing capacity 11t / d; metal halide lamp 100 × 2kW, LED fish light 100 × 300W. See Figure 3 for the arrangement of the fish lamp. The 2kW metal halide lamp is 2.9-3.0m from the upper deck and 5.5m from the lower deck; the lamp spacing is 0.58m; the LED fishlight is 3.7m from the upper deck and 6.3m from the lower deck; 0.1m. As a control group, “Ningtai 62†is only equipped with a 2kW metal halide fish lamp, and is not equipped with an LED fish lamp. The other parameters are the same.
1.3 test data
From June to July 2014, the ship “Ningtai 61†carried out field test illumination, spectral distribution, catch (yield) and energy consumption. The test sea area was 80°09'W-80°59'W, 15°05'S. -15°50'S; As a control experiment, the fishing area of ​​the ship "Ningtai 62" is 80°09'W-80°59'W, 15°03'S-15°55'S.
1.4 Test methods
The instruments used included underwater light meter ZDS-10W-2D, Hyperspectralprofiler II hyperspectral profiler (produced by Satlantic, Canada, spectral measurement range: 348 ~ 802nm; measuring depth 0 ~ 100m; water depth accuracy: 0.1m; resolution: 0.01m ).
During the operation, when measuring the LED fishing light and the 2kW metal halide fish lamp installed on the ship "Ningtai 61", alternately turn on the LED fish light and metal halide lamp 50ç›, set the sea surface on the ship side 21 For the photometric points, the spectral distribution at different locations was tested using a hyperspectral profiler, and the illuminance data was tested using an underwater illuminometer ZDS-10W-2D, see Figure 4. The light field experiment is carried out several times, and the optimal set of experimental data is taken. The same column of data is exponentially fitted, and the position of the specific illuminance value is calculated by using the fitting result. The data test conditions of this result are: wave height 0m, moon light intensity 0.02lx.
test results
2.1 illuminance comparison analysis
When the fisherman's lamp is turned on the right side of the fishing boat, the distance of 0.1~10lx formed by the LED fish lamp is about 25m to 35m on the side of the ship's side; the maximum distance of 0.1lx illumination can reach 35m, and the longest distance of 10lx can be Up to 25m, the illuminance within 15m of the ship's side is above 50lx. When the 50-inch metal halide lamp on the right side of the fishing vessel is opened, the best trapping area formed is approximately 30-45 m on the side of the ship, the longest distance of 0.1 lx can reach 45 m, and the longest distance of 10 lx can reach 30 m, within 20 m of the ship's edge. The sea surface illumination is above 50lx, and the test results are shown in Figure 5.
There is a certain gap between the illumination of the two lamps in the water. At 5m from the ship's side, the illuminance distribution at different depths from 0 to 20m is shown in Figure 6. The illuminance value of the LED fish lamp is 0.1lx, the deepest is about 21m underwater, only 5m lighter than the metal halide lamp; The illuminance value is 10lx and the deepest is about 12m, which is only 3m lighter than the metal halide lamp.
At 10m from the ship's side, the illuminance distribution at different depths from 0 to 20m is shown in Figure 7. The illuminance value of the LED fish lamp is 0.1lx, the deepest is about 16m underwater, only 3m lighter than the metal halide lamp; The illuminance value is 10lx, and the deepest is about 8m, which is only 2m lighter than the metal halide lamp.
2.2 Spectral changes and analysis
This paper analyzes and compares the spectra of two kinds of fish-fishing lights on board at a distance of 3m from the ship's side and the depths of 0.5m, 1.0m and 1.5m3 respectively, in order to understand the composition of the sea surface and seawater. And the effect of depth on spectral changes.
In seawater, the sum of the spectral energies decreases with increasing depth from 0.5 to 1.5 m, and the sum of the spectral distribution energy of LED lamps at the same depth is smaller than that of metal halide lamps. The LED light color from the spectral distribution is mainly yellow-green, followed by blue-violet, which is less in the infrared and ultraviolet bands, as shown in Figure 8(a); while the metal halide lamp has a wavelength of 500nm and 550nm. Peaks appear in the 580nm, 600nm and other bands, and also occupy a large proportion in the ultraviolet and infrared light, as shown in Figure 8(b).
LED light bulbs and metal halide lamps are attenuated during transmission in the sea, but the decay rates are inconsistent, and the decay rate is shown in Figure 9. The light formed by the metal halide lamp has a significantly lower rate of decay in seawater than the LED fish light. Metal halide lamps in the 500nm, 550nm, 580nm, 600nm and other bands, the rate of decline is also the fastest, while the LED fish lamp attenuation is slightly slower.
2.3 Analysis of output and energy saving effect
2.3.1 Analysis of the difference in production between test ship and reference ship
During the 45-day period of the investigation, the researchers recorded the catches of the two ships as shown in Figure 10. We make a hypothesis test on the output of the two ships. H0: The use of LED fish lamps does not affect the output. H1: The use of LED fish lamps has an impact on the yield. The Matlab analysis tool ttest2 is used for the two-sample difference test. The result is H= 0, so it is judged that the output of the two ships belong to the same normal distribution, and there is no difference.
2.3.2 Comparison of fuel consumption savings
During the period from June 1st to July 15th, 2014, the Ningtai No. 61 ship was involved in the actual fishery fishing operation, and the energy consumption and total catch of the test ship and the reference ship were recorded. The relevant data are shown in Table 1.
In order to cooperate with the test of the effect of LED fishing lights in the actual fishing operation, two ships, Ningtai 61 and Ningtai 62, operate in the same sea area, and the distance is within 4 nautical miles (nmile). Try to ensure two ships. Maintain consistency in terms of operating environment and resource status. At the same time, the fuel consumption of the workboat includes the main engine, the freezer, the fishing machine and the fishing light. Therefore, using the overall comparison of the fuel consumption of the two ships, we can see the fuel consumption saved by the LED.
Under such conditions, we can see that the total fuel of the 45-inch working ship 45d is about 14t, and the total output has reached 285t. Compared with the output of Ning 62, there is no significant difference. From the perspective of fuel alone, LED fishlights can save about 60% to 70% of fuel while not affecting fishing production. According to this calculation, there are about 300 Chinese squid fishing boats off the coast of Peru, Chile (outside the coast, more than 200nmile), including large squid fishing boats that have been transferred from the Atlantic Ocean. With 100 ç› metal halide lamps installed in each ship, all of them are replaced by 100 ç› LED fish illuminating lighting systems, which can save nearly 60,000 tons per year in the energy saving of fishing lamps.
discuss
In terms of illuminance value, 0.1Lx～10Lx is the optimal illumination area, and the illuminance produced by the LED fish lamp in the air is larger than that of the metal halide lamp; in seawater, the illuminance and gold halide generated by the LED fish lamp The difference in lights is small. It is 0m~10m below the water surface at 5m from the ship's side. The metal halide lamp is relatively high, but this depth is not the depth of the squid fishing. The squid in the sea surface is often vulnerable to being scared and hiding in the deeper water layer. Some scholars even suggest that the squid is afraid of glare. It is determined by genetic factors; and at a depth of 10m or more, the illumination of the two lamps is very close, so it can be considered that the underwater illumination of the LED light is suitable for the squid operation.
In terms of spectral distribution, compared with the metal halide lamp, the LED light collection lamp in the air has a higher sum of energy values ​​in each band of the metal halide lamp than the LED fish lamp. However, the higher the energy value of each band is, the better, for example, the 350-400 nm band is the ultraviolet band, and the energy value of the LED fish lamp in this segment is only half of the spectrum of the metal halide lamp; likewise, the 780-800 nm band is the infrared range. Direct exposure of the two bands of light to the human body will cause rapid skin aging and melanin precipitation, which will not contribute much to the process of attracting fish. The energy value of the LED fish lamp in this segment is only half of the spectrum of the metal halide lamp, so the LED fish collection The lamp is relatively safer and more environmentally friendly than the traditional metal halide light. In the water, the attenuation rate of each LED band of the LED fish lamp is smaller than that of the metal halide lamp, which explains to a large extent the reason why the LED fish lamp has higher penetration in water than the metal halide lamp. The LED fish lamp has a small attenuation rate in the 480-650 nm band. When the two lights enter the seawater, the yellow-green part of the metal halide lamp will disappear quickly, while the LED set fish lamp decays relatively slowly.
In terms of energy saving, LED fishing lights can save nearly 60% of fuel consumption compared to metal halide lamps. LED beam lights and metal halide lamps have different beam angles. Metal halide lamps belong to "universal light", while LED fish lamps have strong directivity. The LED light bulbs discussed in this paper have a maximum beam angle of only 112 degrees. . Nearly 75% of the metal halide light is projected into the air and on the deck, which not only causes waste of light, but also causes a certain degree of light pollution; the LED light collecting lamp projects most of the light onto the sea surface. In terms of fuel consumption, Qian Weiguo and other scholars have calculated the energy-saving effect of LED fishlights from the perspective of lamp efficiency and power, and the fuel consumption is only 1/3 of that of traditional metal halide lamps. The water cooling system used in the LED light collecting lamp used in this paper also needs to consume a certain amount of fuel, which offsets the energy saving effect of the LED fish collecting lamp to some extent, so the energy consumption of the cooling system should also be included in the energy saving calculation process.
The use of LED fishlights has no significant effect on the catch of the squid fishing vessel, and it can exert a better fish collecting effect. This paper mainly proves the fish trapping effect and water penetration of LED fishlights, and hopes to provide some reference for fishery workers and related researchers. However, the use of LED fishlights, fisheries engaged in enterprises and individuals for the initial capital investment is large, and the fishery enterprises and individuals are reluctant to try to modify the fishery without the significant increase in the effect of attracting fish. It is hoped that the national scientific research platform will create long-term fishing boats, which will lead to the driving effect, and finally make the LED fishing lights completely replace the traditional high-power metal halide lamps.
Headphone Cover,Earbuds Cover,Earphone Cover,Headset Covers
Nantong Boxin Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.bosencontrols.com