In recent years, the development of small theaters has been very rapid. Whether it is a private cinema or a micro cinema, the demand for development is growing. The decoration and acoustic aspects of small cinema design involve aspects such as body shape, sound insulation, sound absorption and sound quality. How to deal with and solve these relationships is what we will talk about below.
Objective technical indicators and subjective evaluation indicators for small cinema acoustics
First of all, in small theaters, acoustic processing can be divided into objective technical indicators and subjective evaluation indicators. Objective technical indicators include background noise limits, airborne sound insulation, intermediate frequency reverberation time (500-1000 Hz), reverberation time frequency characteristics, and sound field inhomogeneity. The background noise limit refers to the noise operation of the air conditioning equipment, ventilation equipment and projection equipment in the theater. The noise does not exceed the limit value of the noise band NC30, or does not exceed 35dB. Air sound insulation means that when the sound source emits more than 90dB (A) of pink noise in the theater auditorium, the sound pressure level difference between the auditorium and the adjacent sensitive room (horizontal and vertical) is not less than 45dB. The intermediate frequency reverberation time (500-1000Hz) needs to be determined according to different room volume. When ≤200m3, the reverberation time should be 0.15-0.35s. At 200-350m3, the reverberation time should be 0.25-0.40s. At 350-500 m3, the reverberation time should be 0.30-0.45. In terms of reverberation time frequency characteristics, the reverberation time frequency characteristics of each frequency band should be within the standard range, the intermediate frequency requirement is straight, the low frequency can be slightly higher, and the high frequency can be slightly lower, but should not exceed the upper and lower limits.
The reverberation time frequency characteristics of each frequency band of objective technical indicators and subjective evaluation indicators should be within the standard range.
In terms of sound field unevenness, it is required that the difference between the maximum and minimum sound pressure levels of each frequency band in the range of 100-4000 Hz in the viewing area during normal viewing should not exceed 6 dB, and the difference between the maximum value and the average value should not exceed 3 dB. . Relatively speaking, the impact of objective technical indicators on small theaters is more important, and subjective evaluation indicators are more subjective and difficult to summarize.
The relationship between interior decoration and acoustics
The interior decoration has a great influence on the sound effect of the theater. It can be said that the interior decoration determines the acoustic effect. Reasonable space shape and diffusion can effectively solve acoustic defects such as echo, focus, and degeneracy; reasonable sound absorption characteristics of decorative materials can obtain the best reverberation time and frequency characteristics; reasonable sound absorption and diffusion combined, It can make the indoor sound field evenly distributed; the reasonable arrangement of the sound absorption and reflection materials can make the sound space feel good and the stereo effect is strong; the effective sound insulation and air conditioning system noise reduction measures can also reduce the indoor background noise interference.
On the other hand, suitable and good decoration can also add beauty to the acoustic effect. This is also an aspect that can not be ignored in modern small theaters. This includes the proportion of decorative structure, the color matching of decorative materials, the rationality of spatial layout, and the environmental protection of materials. Sex, indoor comfort and construction techniques.
Body type and sound quality
The size of the theater room or the ratio of length to width can also have a great impact on the sound quality. At some frequencies related to the size of the room, the sound waves will be superimposed before and after, creating standing waves, room resonance, and thus affecting the replay of the sound. . When the resonance frequencies of different resonance modes are the same, an overlap of resonance frequencies occurs, which is called "degenerate". When degeneracy occurs, the distortion of the resonance frequency characteristic is formed, and the low frequency produces a sound or a "sound dye", which is a degeneracy phenomenon.
Room wall selection
Sound diffusion treatment of the National Grand Theatre Concert Hall
In addition, factors affecting sound reproduction include parallel problems of walls, selection of diffusers, and handling problems. It is not necessarily the parallel wall of the rule, which is conducive to the replay of the sound. The length, width and height of the room cannot be integers, and the ratio of the non-integer is relatively small to the sound quality, which can restore the replay of the sound to the maximum extent. . In order to eliminate the acoustic defects that may occur in the room, the method of adding a diffuser inside the space may be adopted, and the selection and processing of the diffuser shall be selected and processed according to different actual conditions, and the sound of the small room is concentrated, and necessary The diffusion process is very important for the reproduction of sound reproduction. The convex and concave changes to the wall can be utilized to evenly distribute the room's normal mode to achieve a smooth low frequency response and improve the indoor sound field.
The importance of sound insulation and its common treatment methods
The importance of the sound insulation of the room to the theater is self-evident. It determines the availability of the room. It requires that the internal sound cannot affect others, nor can the external sound affect the interior. Sound insulation generally includes wall sound insulation, floating floor vibration isolation, door and window sound insulation and ventilation and noise reduction. The sound insulation of the wall can generally be treated by increasing the density of the wall, double wall and elastic connection. The density of the wall is doubled, the sound insulation is increased by 6dB, and the double-sided wall, light and heavy wall composite, elastic ceiling can improve the partition. volume. The principle of vibration isolation of floating floor is to prevent the sound from leaking through the floor. Before the floor is poured with cement mortar layer, a layer of insulation pad is laid to reduce the sound leakage and achieve the sound insulation effect. In terms of sound insulation of doors and windows, it is mainly carried out by increasing the thickness of doors and windows, setting up double doors and setting the sound absorption structure to form a sound gate and reducing the gap between doors and windows. Ventilation and noise reduction mainly prevent the leakage and interference of sound by using different ventilation equipment such as some muffler.
Floating floor vibration isolation treatment sound absorption and sound absorption
Acoustic sound absorption is also very important in the design of cinemas. There are three kinds of sound absorption principles for acoustic absorption in acoustics, including porous sound absorption, resonance sound absorption and thin plate sound absorption. The porous sound absorption is mainly for the suction of medium and high frequency bands. Sound, resonance sound absorption is mainly for the sound absorption in the middle frequency band, and thin film sound absorption is the sound absorption effect on the low frequency.
Accurate tone reproduction means that the sound of the sound received by the listener is consistent with the sound of the sound produced by the sound source (only the loudness is different). From the perspective of subjective listening, when the original sound of the program source and the playback sound heard in the theater are compared and viewed, the timbre should be consistent, which requires the sound absorption to have good uniformity in the middle, high and low frequencies. The music is transparent and can accurately express the layering of the music. The pitch is high and low, and it is not turbid. The treble homophonic is rich, clear and slender and not harsh; the midrange is bright and prominent, full and full without stiff; the bass is thick. This requires the medium and high frequency sound absorption to meet the requirements of music clarity. If the source of the program is recorded after recording in left, right, up and down, front and back, the sound of the listening and playback should be able to accurately reproduce the sound source in the original source sound field, and the sound absorbing part can meet the requirements of sound image localization. .
Diffusion
In addition, there is a requirement for the use of sound absorbing materials. If the sound field image is realistic and the space is good, the sound field space that is intended to be expressed in the movie can be accurately restored, and the sound field characteristics can be clearly determined, so that people are surrounded by the surrounding sound field. Real feelings. This requires reasonable distribution of sound absorbing materials and reflective materials, and the sound of playback makes people feel "immersive". When playing a sound immersive sound clip, the sound field played back should not destroy the original immersive feeling, it should be the perfect combination of sound and vision. This requires that the distribution of the sound absorbing material and the position of the speaker must be properly matched.
to sum up
The decoration and acoustic treatment in the theater design is very important for the effect of the theater. How to deal with the problems of body shape, sound insulation, sound absorption and sound quality in the theater will be the focus of the whole theater to achieve the desired effect. The decoration and acoustic processing of the theater should attract the necessary attention, which should be remembered. In addition, the acoustic effect must match the decoration design, not only requires good indoor sound quality, but also must have beautiful visual effects, in order to create a good acoustic audio-visual environment and comfortable home environment.
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