Theoretical analysis and working principle of ultrasonic ranging system design

In the dual-probe short-range ultrasonic ranging system, there is a problem that the measurement accuracy is not high, and the closer the distance is, the larger the error is. When the measurement distance is less than 10 cm, the mutual influence between the probes will result in the inability to measure the segment. distance. According to the superposition principle in the ultrasonic propagation process, the system eliminates the blind spots in the short-distance measurement by analyzing the superposition of the interference waves between the probes and the echoes reflected from the measured object. When the distance between the transmitting and receiving probes is different, the influence of the measurement error is analyzed, the optimal probe placement distance is selected, and the influence of temperature on the sound velocity propagation is combined to design a close-range high-precision blind-free ultrasonic ranging system.

Ultrasonic ranging has many advantages in ranging since it has many advantages such as non-contact measurement, electromagnetic interference, simple structure and low cost. Previous ranging methods usually include the following two types:

(1) monitoring the extreme voltage of the echo signal by using a differential circuit, the slope of the point is 0, and recording the time from the loading of the excitation signal to the moment, thereby obtaining the distance of the object to be tested;

(2) Using a comparison circuit with a fixed amplitude threshold, when the voltage of the echo signal reaches the set fixed amplitude, an interrupt is generated to record the time, thereby calculating the distance to the object to be measured. The common disadvantage of these two detection methods is that they cannot be measured in close range, because the monitored features will appear in the measurement blind zone, resulting in incorrect measurement results. Therefore, the corresponding general method is to discard the close-range measurement and shield the signal detection of the blind spot, thereby limiting the application of the ultrasonic probe in the short-distance measurement, and selecting a more sophisticated and expensive ultrasonic probe for the short-distance ranging.

In the ultrasonic ultrasonic ranging system of the transceiving transducer, since the distance between the transmitting probe and the receiving probe is relatively close, the acoustic signal generated by the transmitting probe generates reflection and refraction on the probe wall, so that the receiving probe receives the disordered echo. The signal, and when the object to be measured is close to the ultrasonic probe, it is difficult to distinguish whether the received echo signal is reflected from the obstacle or obtained from the transmitting probe, thus limiting its application in close-range measurement. Therefore, improving the measurement accuracy of the short-range ultrasonic ranging system has great research significance.

This paper proposes a method for close-range high-precision and blind-free ultrasonic ranging, as shown in Figure 1. When the object to be measured is close to the ultrasonic probe, the interference wave generated between the ultrasonic probe and the echo reflected from the object to be measured will be superimposed on the receiving probe. The smaller the distance (R) between the probes, the larger the amplitude of the received interference signal, and the larger the distance, the smaller the amplitude. According to the superposition principle of the acoustic signal, the amplitude of the received echo signal is collected, and the amplitude signal of the echo signal is analyzed to obtain the arrival time of the reflected echo from the measured object, thereby realizing the close distance measurement. At the same time, the distance between the two probes will affect the resolution of the echo signals. Therefore, finding a balance between the distance between the two probes is the key to improving the accuracy of ultrasonic at close range.

Theoretical analysis and working principle of ultrasonic ranging system design

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