Tesla, an American electric vehicle and energy company that produces and sells electric vehicles, solar panels, and energy storage equipment. Palo Alto, based in Silicon Valley, California, was first co-founded in 2003 by MarTInEberhard and Marc Tarpenning, and in 2004 Elon Musk Entered the company and led the A round of financing. The founder named the company "TeslaMotors" to commemorate the physicist Nikola Tesla.
Tesla's various advantages and technical details 1, Tesla's technical route and reasons for selectionTesla's priority is not to become the world's largest car company, but to make up for some of the long-standing deficiencies of electric vehicles, and to subvert people's perceptions of electric vehicles through stunning products, and then to compete for the global auto giants to go The ultimate goal of the development of its own electric vehicle and the company's aim is to "accelerate the introduction of electric vehicles accepted by the mass market as soon as possible in the market and accelerate the realization of sustainable transportation." Tesla has developed a "three-step" business plan:
The first stage: the introduction of high-priced, low-volume cars to the super rich. The price of the first product is very high, but to ensure that the car's high-grade taste, making it worthwhile, that is, the production of cars is comparable to the top performance cars, then the price of 100,000 US dollars is no problem.
The second stage: to introduce medium-priced, medium-volume electric vehicles to more relatively affluent consumers at mid-to-high end prices. Develop the second phase of the car with the profits from the first phase. The second phase of the car is still relatively expensive, but its competitors are more like the Mercedes-Benz or BMW at the price of $75,000, instead of being Ferrari.
The third stage: the introduction of low-cost, mass-produced cars to the general public (Figure 3). Through the profits and accumulated experience gained in the second phase, the development of more economical, mass-produced mass-produced electric vehicles, with relatively cheaper prices and maintenance savings, makes the middle class fully affordable.
Tesla is the only electric car company that uses the 18650 ternary lithium-ion battery. This type of battery has been used in electronic consumer products such as notebook computers, digital cameras, and mobile phones. For the application environment of electric vehicles, the 18650 battery used by Tesla is different from the 18650 battery used in digital devices such as notebooks. The technical standard is higher than the latter, for example, the 18650 type designed by Tesla. The battery energy density is higher than 50% of other lithium batteries in the same period (Figure 4).
Tesla chose Panasonic 18650 batteries for the following reasons: high energy density, higher stability and consistency; more mature technology, large shipments, and high degree of production automation, which can effectively reduce the cost of battery systems; 1 billion 18650-type batteries, the safety level is constantly improving; the single-cell battery is small in size but high in controllability, which can reduce the impact of a single battery failure, even if a unit of the battery pack fails, the battery will not be Performance has an impact, but the vehicle will display an error message alerting the user, which is also a benefit of having more single cells.
Although the 18650 battery is the world's top battery, the traditional 18650 lithium battery also has some relative weaknesses that cannot be ignored by its own characteristics, such as relatively sensitive temperature and poor consistency. The requirements of the electric vehicle for the battery are large single-life cruising range, stable and reliable performance, high safety factor and many cycles of recharging.
Tesla's solutions for 18650-type traditional battery shorts include: active electrochemical materials, improved cell structure design, optimized module design, advanced fault protection mechanisms and battery charge and discharge control, and industry-leading thermal management System and battery management system. The active material and the improved cell structure design bring higher energy storage per unit volume/weight, and improve the charging voltage while the cell stability is better.
2.2 motorUnlike conventional all-wheel-drive vehicles that use only one engine and gearbox to distribute energy and sacrifice efficiency in exchange for traction, Tesla engineers add a motor to the front axle based on the rear-wheel-drive ModelS. Make it a dual-motor all-wheel drive ModelS (Figure 6).
Pulling adopts three-phase four-pole AC induction motor, copper rotor, drive inverter with variable frequency drive function and kinetic energy regenerative braking system. Not only is it small in size, it is light in weight, it can be instantaneously output to maximum torque, and it requires almost no maintenance throughout its life. Tesla ModelS motors also won the 2014 International Best Engine Award.
2.3 aluminum bodyTesla marketing manager and hardcore fan Ted Milantino said that the safest car in North America begins with the choice of metal materials. Tesla's battery is cumbersome and must compensate for the shortage of bulky batteries by reducing the weight of the body. As a result, Tesla turned to SpaceX and used its advanced rocket technology, which turned Tesla into the only car in North America that uses an all-aluminum body (Figure 7).
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