“70% of the earth’s surface is the ocean, but the ocean environment is very harsh, and humans’ cognitive means are extremely limited. For example, “request resources from the oceanâ€. In fact, our energy extraction is mainly at depths of 300 meters or more. If you want to dive down, the means Seriously inadequate.†said Yu Haibin, director of the Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, at the Artificial Intelligence and Underwater Robot Summit Forum held on September 3.
Underwater robots are important equipment for exploring the ocean, and have great potential in ocean observation, exploration, and underwater extreme environment operations. In particular, deep-sea fishing, sampling of scientific research samples in the trenches, etc., are indispensable. According to Yu Haibin, since the 1960s, research on manned submersibles, remote-controlled underwater robots with cables, and autonomous underwater robots began one after another, and has now entered the era of intelligent underwater robots.
It’s not easy to build a robot, flying in the sky and running on the ground, and swimming in the water is even more difficult.
Compared with land and airspace, the submarine environment is much more complicated, and the requirements for robot navigation, obstacle avoidance, recognition and detection, tracking, formation operation and other capabilities are higher. "Every time I do an experiment, I really can't sleep. The underwater robot tests for dozens of hours at every turn, waiting on the ship with a horror. I don't know if the machine is safe or if it can come back." Yu Haibin's mood reflected the water from the side. It is difficult to control the robot intelligently.
According to Wang Tianmiao, Honorary Director of the Robotics Institute of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the traditional navigation methods of underwater robots are mainly dead reckoning, inertial navigation and Doppler sonar navigation. However, these methods will have large cumulative errors after long-distance voyages. At present, the combined navigation adopted by most underwater robots has effectively improved the accuracy, but the error still exists, and the situation of "the machine is lost" occurs from time to time. How to find a new navigation method is the research focus. When the robot enters the water, it needs to communicate with other equipment. Hydroacoustic communication is currently the main underwater communication method relying on. The underwater laser communication applications being developed by countries all over the world are still far away.
Gao Wen, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, expressed his hope that the intelligent system will have faster processing speed, higher accuracy, more certain conclusions, and more efficient energy consumption. Energy consumption is directly related to the endurance of underwater robots. "A person’s daily energy consumption is equivalent to a 20-watt light bulb, and one can hear, speak, read, write and move with a little bit of food. An identification system similar to a human needs tens of thousands of times the energy consumption. It is equivalent to a supercomputer with a primitive and extensive design."
In addition, most of the underwater robots currently carry heavy hydraulic rigid mechanical arms and grippers, which have great defects in underwater biological sampling, archaeological inspection, and salvaging of precious goods. At the scene, Wang Tianmiao demonstrated a soft manipulator that mimics the octopus tentacles. “The application of smart materials and bionic structures is a breakthrough point for the robot's safety, dexterity, and adaptation to the environment and objects.†Wang Tianmiao said. Inspiration from underwater creatures in nature is helping researchers to excavate new structures of underwater autonomous robots to realize the delicate operation of manipulators and flexible grasping based on tactile and force feedback.
The bionic fish, bionic dolphins, and bionic octopus tentacles displayed at the scene are not quite the same as the robots in the general impression. However, researcher Tan Min from the Institute of Automation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences emphasized that “although they are still very basic, they are not for funâ€. According to him, they used killer whales as bionic objects and developed a bionic robotic dolphin for water quality monitoring, which can carry different water quality sensors to achieve water quality monitoring tasks and find a basic civilian application for underwater robots. "We have successfully collected important water quality parameters such as pH value, conductivity, temperature, and depth of the reservoir at the Qinghai Naked Carp Research Center and Yushu Changu Reservoir. Based on the successful implementation of the dynamic water quality monitoring experiment of the bionic robotic dolphins, it is the source of the source of the three rivers. Protection provides a data basis and new technical means for dynamic autonomous water quality monitoring." Tan Min said that in the future, similar applications are possible in the corrosion detection of offshore oil platforms and the monitoring of dam bottom pollution.
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