Advances in technology have led to the emergence of a variety of lighting sources that enrich lighting products and meet people's needs while also causing harm to people due to improper use. For example, what is the actual situation of LED blue light hazards that are currently spreading widely?
According to the possible blue light hazard of LED products, to understand the blue light hazard of LED lighting products in the market, the Municipal Quality Inspection Center/City Lighting Product Quality Supervision Station conducted a bottoming test on LED lighting products. The test situation and related analysis report are as follows:
Table I
First, sample source and composition
1. Sample source The total number of samples tested is 27, which are from:
8 samples were purchased from small informal stores;
5 samples were purchased from large supermarkets;
The 14 samples are test samples for large and medium-sized manufacturers.
2. Sample composition
Of the 27 samples, 8 LED desk lamps, 7 LED spotlights, 9 LED downlights, 1 LED bulb and 2 LED panel lights.
Second, the purpose and basis of testing
Purpose: To detect and evaluate the risk of retinal blue light in LED lighting products.
Basis: Detection and classification criteria: GB/T 20145-2006 Photobiosafety of lamps and lamp systems
Judgment document: IECEE CTL (International Electrotechnical Commission - Laboratory Committee) Resolution: DSH 0744
Third, the blue light hazard level and corresponding requirements
Table II
1. Blu-ray hazard level
According to GB/T 20145-2006 Blu-ray retinal hazard can be classified as:
1) Non-hazardous (radiation ≤ 100 W·m-2·sr-1): The scientific basis of the non-hazard class is that the lamp does not pose any photobiological hazard under the extreme conditions of this standard;
2) Low risk (Class 1) (radiance ≤ 1 × 104 W·m-2·sr-1): the lamp does not pose a hazard under the normal exposure conditions;
3) Danger (Class 2) (radiance ≤ 4 × 106 W · m -2 · sr-1): The light produced by the lamp does not cause the danger of glare and temperature discomfort.
4) High risk (Category 3) (radiance > 4 × 106 W · m - 2 · sr-1): The lamp causes harm in a shorter moment.
2. Corresponding judgment requirements
According to IECEE CTL Resolution DSH 0744:
1) When the brightness is less than 10000 cd/m2 and only visible light is emitted, it is not necessary to classify the hazard level according to GB/T 20145-2006. It can be classified as non-hazardous and can be used directly. If the brightness is greater than 10000 cd/m2, it should be treated as described in 2) or 3) below.
2) If the manufacturer provides a test report indicating that the radiance of the luminaire does not exceed the non-hazardous category and low risk (Class 1) specified in GB/T 20145-2006, the certification body may accept such an LED luminaire and consider it to be normal. There is no photobiological hazard in the case.
3) If the manufacturer does not provide such a claim, it should be tested in accordance with GB/T 20145-2006, and the test results meet the requirements of 2) above.
3. Marking requirements for products of category 2 and above
According to the draft of IEC 62471-2 and IEC 60598-1 8th edition, LED light sources and LED lamps of Class 2 and above have no warning signs and cannot be used directly.
Fourth, testing and data analysis
This test conducted an analysis of the product in two states, including:
a. Detecting the normal use of LED products and performing blue light hazard analysis on the data;
b. Perform blue light hazard analysis on the detected data of the LED products in the abnormal use state, that is, remove the front translucent diffuser of the lamp and perform blue light hazard analysis.
1. Blu-ray hazard analysis of LED products in normal use
The test data of normal use LED products is shown in Table 1.
According to Table 1, the test results of various test samples under normal use conditions are as follows: Among the 27 samples, the blue light hazard of 14 samples is non-hazardous, 13 samples belong to Category 1 hazard, and none of the samples belong to Class 2 Danger
Among them: LED table lamp: Among the 8 samples, there are no LED table lamps belonging to Class 2, which can be used safely under normal conditions.
LED spotlights: All 7 samples belong to Class 1 and can be safely used under normal conditions. One of the samples has a color temperature >100000K, which is not a white LED lighting product that can be used for normal lighting.
LED downlight: 9 samples are non-hazardous.
LED Bulbs: 1 sample belongs to Class 1 and can be used safely under normal conditions.
LED panel light: Both samples are non-hazardous.
2. Blu-ray hazard analysis of abnormal use status LED products
In this case, the front translucent diffuser of 11 lamps was removed and tested. The test data is compared with the test data of the same product in normal use. See Table 2.
The comparative analysis of the test data is as follows:
The front translucent diffuser of two lamps (No. 3 and No. 8) in the eight table lamp samples (No. 1 to No. 8) in Table 1 can be easily disassembled, and the two lamps are tested for abnormal use status (see Table 2), the results do not exceed the danger of Category 1, even if the translucent diffuser is removed before use.
The front translucent diffusers of the nine LED downlight samples (No. 16~24) in Table 1 can be easily disassembled, and the abnormality of the nine lamps is tested. The results are not more than one class. Danger, even if the semi-transparent diffuser plate can be safely used before disassembly, but one lamp has reached the category 2 hazard (see Table 2). There should be a warning mark according to the relevant standards. It can only be used after the warning is added, but there is no sample on it. Any markup.
The test data also shows that the radiance of the luminaire under normal use (ie, without disassembling the front translucent diffuser) is at least an order of magnitude lower than after disassembly (see Table 2), so the diffuser cannot be disassembled.
V. Conclusion
Among the 27 samples tested, no dangerous light of Class 2 blue light was found under normal use conditions, and it can be safely used under normal use conditions. Among the 11 samples under abnormal use conditions, one sample reached Category 2 hazard, and if there is no protective measure, it may pose a danger to the human body.
For one sample that reached the risk of Category 2 under abnormal use conditions, the analysis found that the LED module used in the lamp has a single power of 1W, which belongs to the power LED package, so the light output per unit area is high. Special attention should be paid to the blue light hazard level of the light source and the necessary structural protection measures and warning signs should be applied to the final product.
Six, suggestions
The current national standard for photobiosafety, which contains blue light hazards for regulatory lighting products, is GB/T 20145-2006 "Photobiosafety of Lights and Lamp Systems". The content of this standard is related to people's health and safety, but The standard is a recommended standard. Because the blue light hazard of lighting products is related to people's health and safety, it is recommended to change the nature of the standard to mandatory and recommended to be included in the CCC certification standard for lighting fixtures.
Because the number of samples, sample types and sample characteristics of this bottom test are not enough to conduct a complete systematic analysis of the blue light hazard of LED lighting products, it is recommended that the relevant government departments may reach 2 types of power LED lighting products found in this test. In the dangerous situation, the special risk monitoring of blue light hazard for indoor LED lighting products is better to better control the quality of LED lighting products, so that LED lighting products can develop in a healthy direction.
(This article is reproduced on the Internet. The texts and opinions expressed in this article have not been confirmed by this site, nor do they represent the position of Gaogong LED. Readers need to verify the relevant content by themselves.)
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