Bearing steel is steel used to make balls, rollers and bearing rings. Bearings are subjected to extreme pressure and friction during operation, so bearing steels are required to have high and uniform hardness and wear resistance, as well as a high elastic limit. The requirements for the uniformity of the chemical composition of the bearing steel, the content and distribution of non-metallic inclusions, and the distribution of carbides are all very strict and are one of the most demanding steel grades in all steel production. In 1976, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) introduced some common bearing steel numbers into international standards. Bearing steel was divided into four categories: total quenched bearing steel, hardened bearing steel, stainless bearing steel, and high-temperature bearing steel. Steel number.
According to the classification of bearing steel bearing steel is generally used high-carbon steel GCr15, is commonly known as bearing steel. In addition, there are carburizing bearing steel, stainless bearing steel, high temperature bearing steel, impact bearing steel, carbon, and now the latest type of bearing material is ceramic overall bearing material has six major requirements 1, rolling contact fatigue strength In the second year, the material purity is high, and the heat treatment can obtain high and uniform hardness. 4. High abrasion resistance. 5. Good dimensional stability. 6. Good corrosion resistance and chemical stability. As the bearing material, chrome steel, Chrome-molybdenum steel, nickel-chromium-molybdenum steel, quenched with carbonization, gives the steel a hardened layer from the surface to the appropriate depth. A carburizing bearing with a suitable depth of hardening, a fine structure, a suitable hardness of the surface and the hardness of the core, has an excellent impact resistance as compared with a bearing using a bearing steel, and a general chemical composition of the steel for a carburizing bearing.
In the refining process of bearing steels, the slag from the EBT tapping of the electric furnace shall be removed as much as possible during the development of the refining process outside the furnace; deoxidizing refining slag with a very low degree of oxidation shall be formed as soon as possible, and the proportion of the liquid phase of the slag shall be >90%; stirring shall be performed with controlled gas, The inclusions in the steel float; ladle lining selection of alkaline refractories and optimized blowing Ar effect.
Japan's Sanyo company strictly controlled the contents of O, S, A1 and Ti in the steel by adopting a high alkalinity slag system and controlled blowing Ar stirring; a slag protective cover was used on the connecting pipe of the RH vacuum degasser. The steel cone type slag protective cover does not melt in the slag, but is soluble in molten steel. Its purpose is to control the slag and prevent excessive inhalation of slag. The use of a new process to produce high carbon chromium bearing steel can control the oxygen content in the steel. 5.5ppm, the diameter of non-metallic inclusions in the steel is <10um. German GMH company set up two points at the bottom of the ladle to blow Ar, one at the center and one at the 2/3R from the center of the package. In Ascometall, France, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer was used to analyze the slag composition in the second refining process to avoid the formation of calcium aluminate inclusions caused by Ca and Mg.
According to the classification of bearing steel bearing steel is generally used high-carbon steel GCr15, is commonly known as bearing steel. In addition, there are carburizing bearing steel, stainless bearing steel, high temperature bearing steel, impact bearing steel, carbon, and now the latest type of bearing material is ceramic overall bearing material has six major requirements 1, rolling contact fatigue strength In the second year, the material purity is high, and the heat treatment can obtain high and uniform hardness. 4. High abrasion resistance. 5. Good dimensional stability. 6. Good corrosion resistance and chemical stability. As the bearing material, chrome steel, Chrome-molybdenum steel, nickel-chromium-molybdenum steel, quenched with carbonization, gives the steel a hardened layer from the surface to the appropriate depth. A carburizing bearing with a suitable depth of hardening, a fine structure, a suitable hardness of the surface and the hardness of the core, has an excellent impact resistance as compared with a bearing using a bearing steel, and a general chemical composition of the steel for a carburizing bearing.
In the refining process of bearing steels, the slag from the EBT tapping of the electric furnace shall be removed as much as possible during the development of the refining process outside the furnace; deoxidizing refining slag with a very low degree of oxidation shall be formed as soon as possible, and the proportion of the liquid phase of the slag shall be >90%; stirring shall be performed with controlled gas, The inclusions in the steel float; ladle lining selection of alkaline refractories and optimized blowing Ar effect.
Japan's Sanyo company strictly controlled the contents of O, S, A1 and Ti in the steel by adopting a high alkalinity slag system and controlled blowing Ar stirring; a slag protective cover was used on the connecting pipe of the RH vacuum degasser. The steel cone type slag protective cover does not melt in the slag, but is soluble in molten steel. Its purpose is to control the slag and prevent excessive inhalation of slag. The use of a new process to produce high carbon chromium bearing steel can control the oxygen content in the steel. 5.5ppm, the diameter of non-metallic inclusions in the steel is <10um. German GMH company set up two points at the bottom of the ladle to blow Ar, one at the center and one at the 2/3R from the center of the package. In Ascometall, France, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer was used to analyze the slag composition in the second refining process to avoid the formation of calcium aluminate inclusions caused by Ca and Mg.
A plano concave lens is an optical lens with one concave surface and one plane surface. It has a negative focal length, and can be used for light projection, beam expansion, or to increase focal length of an optical system.
Plano-concave lenses diverge a collimated beam from a virtual focus and are commonly used in Galilean-type beam expanders. Given their negative focal length and negative spherical aberration, plano-concave lenses can be used to balance out aberrations of other lenses in the system. Realpoo Optics provides plano-concave lenses fabricated from N-BK7, N-SF11, UV-fused silica, calcium fluoride, and zinc selenide etc.
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