Air flow sensor, intake air temperature sensor, throttle position sensor, water temperature sensor, camshaft position sensor, crankshaft position sensor, knock sensor, oxygen sensor
Air flow sensor
The air flow sensor converts the inhaled air into an electrical signal and sends it to the electronic control unit (ECU) as one of the basic signals for determining the fuel injection. According to different measurement principles, it can be divided into rotary vane air flow sensor (Toyota PREVIA wagon), Karman vortex air flow sensor (Toyota Lexus LS400 sedan), hot wire air flow sensor (Nissan Maxima VG30E engine and domestic Tianjin Sanfeng Bus TJ6481AQ4 equipped with Volvo B230F engine) and hot film air flow sensor four types. The first two are volume flow type, and the latter two are mass flow type. At present, hot-line air flow sensors and hot film air flow sensors are mainly used.
Intake pressure sensor
The intake pressure sensor can measure the absolute pressure in the intake manifold according to the load state of the engine, and convert it into an electric signal and a speed signal to be sent to the computer as a basis for determining the basic fuel injection amount of the injector. This type of pressure sensor is used in the domestic Audi 100 sedan (V6 engine), Santana 2000 sedan, Beijing Cherokee (25L engine), and Toyota Crown 3.0 sedan. Currently widely used is a semiconductor varistor type intake pressure sensor.
Throttle position sensor
A throttle position sensor is mounted on the throttle to detect the opening of the throttle. It is linked to the throttle by a lever mechanism to reflect different operating conditions of the engine. This sensor can detect different fuel injections by inputting different operating conditions of the engine and inputting it into the electronic control unit (ECU). It has three types: switch contact throttle position sensor (Santana 2000 and Tianjin Sanfeng Bus), linear variable resistance throttle position sensor (Beijing Cherokee), integrated throttle position sensor (domestic Audi 100 V6) engine).
Crankshaft position sensor
Also known as the crank angle sensor, it is the most important sensor in the computer-controlled ignition system. Its function is to detect the top dead center signal, the crank angle signal and the engine speed signal, and input it into the computer, so that the computer can press the cylinder firing order. Issue the best ignition timing command. There are three types of crankshaft position sensors: electromagnetic pulse type crank position sensor, Hall effect crank position sensor (Santana 2000 sedan and Beijing Cherokee), and photoelectric effect type crank position sensor. The type of crankshaft position sensor is different, and its control mode and control accuracy are also different. The crankshaft position sensor is generally mounted on the side of the crankshaft pulley or sprocket, some are mounted on the front end of the camshaft, and some are installed in the distributor (Santana 2000 sedan).
Knock sensor
The knock sensor is mounted on the engine block to monitor the engine's knock at any time. Currently, there are two types of resonance type and non-resonance type. When it rains, the wiper on the front windshield of the cart will move in unison. The two wiper blades swing around the fixed shaft column, scraping the rain from the front windshield, and the driver is effective. Vision.
The earliest wiper consisted of a rocker arm and an arm with a squeegee blade that was manually operated by the driver. Later, in order to see the position, the wiper arm was installed on both the left and right sides, and connected by a connecting rod, which became a manual double wiper blade, which is the original type of today's car wiper.
Later wipers replaced the manpower with a pressure difference called a vacuum wiper. A pipe is connected to the engine, and the vacuum of the engine is used to drive the piston inside the wiper to push the swing arm to rotate, and the wiper blade can be operated. In the early 1940s, electric wipers were installed in the car instead of vacuum wipers. However, until the early 1980s, some trucks and buses in China still used vacuum wipers. Now, the car has all used electric wipers.
The wiper looks simple and the construction is not simple. The wiper assembly includes an electric motor, a speed reducer, a four-bar linkage mechanism, a wiper arm spindle, a wiper blade assembly, and the like. When the driver presses the switch of the wiper, the motor starts, the speed of the motor drives the swing arm through the deceleration and twisting of the worm gear, the swing arm drives the four-bar linkage mechanism, and the four-bar linkage mechanism drives the rotating shaft mounted on the front panel to swing left and right. Finally, the windshield wipes the windshield by the rotating shaft. Nowadays, there are two wiper arms in the car. The motor is usually one, called “single armâ€, and each wiper has a motor called “single armâ€. Some wiper arms also come with a glue pipe, which is connected to the scrubber. Pressing the switch will spray the windshield to the windshield. In some mid- to high-class cars, not only the windshield of the front and rear windshields, but also the headlights also have a small wiper blade to remove the dust on the glass of the headlights. When the driver closes the wiper, the wiper arm often stops in the proper position, obstructing the driver's line of sight. To solve this problem, the wiper has a return switch that controls the wiper motor and stops the motor when the wiper arm is parked in the proper position under the windshield.
Fast, slow and intermittent control gears are commonly used in today's wiper blades. Among them, the intermittent control file generally uses the motor's return switch contact and the charge and discharge function of the resistor and capacitor to make the wiper sweep according to a certain period, that is, each action stops for 2-12 seconds, and the interference to the driver is less. Some vehicles' wipers are also equipped with an electronic governor. The governor is equipped with an inductive function that automatically adjusts the swinging speed of the rain arm according to the amount of rain. The raining wiper arm rotates faster, and the small rain scraper arm turns slower. The rain stopped the wiper arm also stopped.
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