The "order" and "road" of the divider

In the speaker evaluation, especially in the 2.0 high-end speaker evaluation, we must talk about the crossover. For speakers, the crossover is very important. But often everyone can easily make mistakes in the description of the divider, what is the "order" of the divider, and what is the "road" of the divider, we will explain it for you below.
Regardless of the active crossover, only the post-stage passive crossovers used in 2.0 speakers are generally mentioned. In general, the crossover includes three basic parameters.

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First, the crossover of the crossover, this should not be said.

Second, it is the so-called "road" of the frequency divider, that is, the frequency divider can divide the input original signal into signals of several different frequency bands. We usually say that the two-way and three-way frequency is the "road" of the frequency divider. ".

Third, the "order" of the frequency divider, also known as "class."

A passive frequency divider is essentially a complex of several high-pass and low-pass filter circuits, and the number of these filter circuits is the "road" mentioned above. However, in each filter circuit, there is a more elaborate design. In other words, in each filter circuit, it can be filtered multiple times. The number of times of this filter is the "order" of the frequency divider.

Below, we look at two circuit diagrams, the above is the "two-way first-order frequency divider", the following is the "two-way second-order frequency divider."

First-order frequency divider and second-order frequency divider

First-order frequency divider (left), second-order frequency divider (right)

From the above figure, we can clearly see that the first-order frequency divider is also the structure of the sensory frequency division, and each of the second-order frequency dividers has been filtered twice, this "two-filter" It is the true meaning of "second order"!

In fact, the term "second-order frequency divider" is not standardized, because "order" is not for the entire frequency divider, but for one of the "roads", so the strict statement should be " The two-way crossover, the second-order filtering is used for both high and low frequencies, because although it is not common, the design of high-frequency using second-order filtering and low-frequency using first-order filtering is also available.



First-order frequency divider (left), second-order frequency divider (right)
In addition to the first-order frequency division and the second-order frequency division, the passive frequency divider has three-order, fourth-order or sixth-order frequency division. The advantage of using high-order crossover is that the filter attenuation slope is larger, the crossover effect is better, and it is also beneficial to design the crossover compensation circuit (because the frequency divider that is not completely "cleaner" is a good crossover. In theory, the two signal curves after frequency division are completely consistent with the original curve after superposition, which is a true good frequency divider), but the power loss of high-order frequency division is large, especially the phase influence is large. If the design is not good, the sound will be messed up. So the higher the crossover, the better.

As for the frequency divider or the resistor divider, it can't be called a “divider” at all! Because it only has one high-pass filtered signal, there is no "mechanism" from which to "divide"? This is even less of a "order".

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