According to China's economic growth and planning forecasts, China's architectural design market will have huge demand in the next five years or in the future. Every year, there are new members to enrich the industry. Just entering the design unit, we need to gradually adapt to the culture of the company, familiar with the workflow and so on. For newcomers in this industry, how can we improve our design level as soon as possible, and be able to deal with the complicated problems in engineering more independently. It is quite important to enter the early stage of the unit. Electrical design and electrical design have many of their own specialties. Features. This paper makes a preliminary discussion on the main contents and characteristics of the electrical design of high-rise buildings, and also elaborates the energy-saving principles and energy-saving methods in building electrical design.
With the continuous development of the city scale, there are more and more high-rise buildings. Therefore, the electrical design of high-rise buildings has become a problem that designers have to face. At the same time, in today's energy shortage, we must pay more attention to energy-saving design.
First, the concept of building electrical design
1) The concept of design: Design is a process of conceptual expression, re-conceived expression, repeated refinement, continuous development and evaluation. Basically, it can be summarized as several stages such as expo, creativity, conception and expression. From the beginning to the end of the design process, the breadth and depth of thinking in each stage are different, and the expressions and tools may be diversified. Expressions and tools should adapt to the speed of thinking and promote the development of thinking.
2) Object of service: The design is for the function of Party A (owner) and also for the construction needs of the construction unit. Under the premise of meeting the relevant regulations of the state, designers should establish a sense of service, establish a cooperative concept, and establish a professionalism. For designers of building electrical professions, it is very important to properly handle the relationship with each major. The time spent on coordination may even exceed the time of designing the head.
Some projects (especially smaller ones) do not follow the construction procedures, and privately hire designers and construction units (or individual households) whose qualification levels do not meet the requirements, or design or contract projects. Due to the limited technical level of the design and construction personnel, some installation projects have not met the requirements of the specified indicators.
Second, pay attention to several problems in the electrical design of high-rise buildings
(1) Due to the high load of lighting and air conditioning, there are many transportation equipments such as elevators, and there are many water supply and drainage equipments. Therefore, the power consumption is particularly large, and the reliability of power supply is very high.
(2) In high-rise buildings, lighting and power basically do not share trunk lines. Dynamic radial loads use more power, the lighting load is to use more power distribution busway, separately from the supply.
(3) Since most of the structure using a large column spacing, a large space is formed, so that the wall mounting apparatus is increased, the pipe surface is bound to increase.
(4) Since the prefab construction and dry construction member; shorten the construction period, and the ceiling is generally standardized, systematic ceiling.
(5) Fire protection measures should be taken for the pipelines of electrical equipment.
(6) The main electrical equipment such as air-conditioning equipment is dispersed, and most require centralized management, that is, computer management and monitoring systems are required.
(7) Take anti-seismic measures. Such as power distribution panels, lamps and other electrical equipment for earthquake resistance; pipeline inter-layer penetration and construction expansion joints and settlement joints seismic treatment.
(8) High fire protection requirements. Because high-rise buildings are high in height, large in volume, dense in personnel, many in equipment, luxurious in decoration, and there are many fire hazards in the building itself, so the fire protection requirements are very high.
(9) Energy conservation is a major policy in China's economic construction. Saving electricity is an important aspect of energy conservation. It is directly related to the economic benefits of enterprises and people's daily lives. In the electrical design of high-rise buildings, the electrical energy consumption index should be regarded as an important part of comprehensive technical and economic analysis. The design of power saving should be determined according to the principles of advanced technology, safe and applicable, economical, energy saving and environmental protection. Adopt reasonable power distribution methods, adopt high-efficiency transformers, electric motors and illumination sources, reactive power compensation devices and equipment monitoring computer systems to reduce power consumption and save electricity. When using wall lamps, increase the capacity by one or increase the number of turns.
Third, the main content of high-rise building electrical design
1, the content of the design
Modern architecture tends to be diversified, with a large height, large area, complex functions, and increasingly complex electrical design content, with numerous projects. In the narrow sense, building electrical design refers only to the electrical design in civil buildings. In a broad sense, it should include industrial buildings, structures and outdoor projects such as roads and plazas. Traditional building electrical design only includes power and lighting, and today it is generally described as strong and weak. Power, lighting, and lightning protection are classified as strong, while the rest, such as telephone, television, fire, and building automation, are attributed to weak electricity. This classification is based on the level of voltage, emphasizing that the added fire, telecommunications and self-control content in electrical design is completely different from the traditional electrical design content, easy to understand, so it is quickly accepted. However, this method of classifying according to the voltage level is not rigorous. For example, the secondary control loop of the power equipment may have a low voltage; and the linkage in the fire circuit is not completely separated from the power distribution box. Another example is the functional design of civil air defense design, lightning protection design, security design, etc. The content is not only the alarm of weak electric signal, but also the interlocking reaction of power and illumination. Another example is lightning protection grounding, strong and weak electricity are required, and there is a tendency to develop equipotential bonding, which is actually difficult to separate. If the electrical design only divides the work by the voltage level, it will inevitably lead to too much crossover between the two sub-work types, and the boundary is unclear.
2, design steps
(1) After the project decision, the architectural design is generally divided into two stages: preliminary design and construction drawing. Large and important construction projects should be selected before the preliminary design. Small and technically demanding simple construction projects can replace the preliminary design with a solution design. When accepting the architectural design task, first of all, whether the design task book and the approval document are available; check whether the project, scope and content to be designed are correct. After the above procedures are completed, the design entrustment documents can be processed.
(2) Before carrying out the design work, the designer should conduct investigation and research, collect the necessary information, and clarify the relevant basic conditions. This is the prerequisite for ensuring the design quality and speeding up the design progress. Then, the design documents are prepared according to the depth requirements of each stage of the design. After review, report to the relevant competent department for review and approval, and submit it to the construction unit. Before the construction starts, the designer must make the engineering and technical disclosure to the technical personnel or the project leader of the construction unit. The technical problems arising from the design should be handled during the construction process. After the completion of the project, participate in the project completion acceptance.
(3) For large-scale construction projects, if the construction projects and large-scale construction projects with high technical requirements and large investment scales are designed according to the requirements of relevant departments or construction units before the preliminary design, the design projects shall be made. One or several design proposals are submitted to the relevant department or construction unit for design, so as to avoid major changes or rework of some major principle issues in the preliminary design. For projects with complex processes and lack of design experience, the process design phase can be increased. Small construction projects can be designed to replace the preliminary design.
(4) For general engineering projects, the design unit shall submit the preliminary design documents to the construction unit for the electrical report to the superior and the relevant competent authorities for approval before proceeding with the construction drawing design according to the formal approval opinions. The relevant departments of building electrical design generally include: urban and rural planning department, power supply department, post and telecommunications department, fire department, civil defense department, environmental protection department and cultural relics department.
Fourth, the principle of energy conservation in building electrical design
Due to the increase in population, industrial development, and improved living standards, energy consumption has increased dramatically, and the energy crisis is imminent. Therefore, all walks of life put forward the requirements of energy conservation, saving secondary energy - electrical energy, which has become the focus of electrical design of civil buildings. The principle of building electrical design and energy conservation Building electrical energy conservation should adhere to the following three principles:
1. Meet the function of the building
That is to meet the illumination illuminance, color temperature, color rendering index; to meet the comfort of air conditioning temperature and fresh air volume, that is, comfortable and hygienic; to meet the upper and lower, left and right transport channels unimpeded; to meet special process requirements, such as some electrical facilities in entertainment venues Electricity, process lighting and power consumption in the exhibition hall.
2. Consider the actual economic benefits
Energy conservation should consider actual economic benefits according to national conditions, and should not consume investment excessively due to energy conservation and increase operating costs. Rather, it should allow for an increased portion of the investment to be recovered in a few years or less with reduced operating costs.
3. Save unnecessary energy
The focus of energy conservation should be to save energy that is unnecessary to consume. First, find out where the energy consumption is not related to the function of the building, and then consider what measures to save energy. For example, the power loss of the transformer, the active loss on the transmission power line is useless energy loss, and the illumination capacity of a large amount of surface is wide, the advanced technology should be used to reduce the energy consumption. Therefore, the energy saving measures should also be implemented practically and economically. The principle of advanced technology.
V. Conclusion
The energy-saving potential of civil buildings is great and should be carefully considered in the design. However, in the selection of new energy-saving equipment, the principle, performance and effect should be specifically understood. After technical and economic comparison, energy-saving equipment should be selected to achieve the goal of real energy conservation. In short, it is not easy to make high-rise building electrical design. For young people, it is very important to cultivate the feelings of design and love this industry. Need one step at a time, do the engineering work in a down-to-earth manner, pay more attention to it, observe more, and think more about engineering problems, in order to lay a solid foundation for becoming an electrical designer in the true sense.
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