Researchers at Yale University have discovered one of the key steps in building a modular quantum computer architecture: the "transportation" of quantum gates between two qubits, rather than relying on any direct interaction. Quantum gates are an indispensable architecture in single-quantum system network computing. Researchers believe that this architecture is expected to eliminate inherent errors in quantum computing processors.
Researchers at Yale University have discovered that one of the key steps in building a modular quantum computer architecture is to place a quantum gate for "teleportation" between two qubits as needed.
The research results were published in the online edition of the journal Nature on September 5.
The key behind this new research is quantum teleportation, which is a unique feature of quantum mechanics. People have used it in the past to transmit unknown quantum states between communicating parties without actually sending the state itself.
Researchers at Yale University have used experiments and theories in the 1990s to prove that the "transport" of quantum gates between two qubits is one of the key steps in building future quantum computer architectures, rather than relying on any direct Interaction.
This kind of quantum gate is a necessary architecture for quantum computing based on a single quantum system network. Many researchers believe that this architecture can offset the inherent errors in quantum computing processors.
Schematic diagram of the network of the modular quantum structure in this research
A research team composed of Robert Schoelkopf, the principal researcher of Yale University's Quantum Institute, and his student Kevin Chou, are studying modular methods of quantum computing.
The researchers said that this method can be applied in various industries, from the biological cell tissues in the latest SpaceX rockets to the mobile network. The modular approach has proven to be an effective strategy for constructing large and complex systems.
The quantum modular architecture consists of a set of modules that can be used by small quantum processors connected to larger networks.
The modules in this architecture are naturally isolated from each other, thus simplifying the unnecessary interaction process brought by large-scale systems. The researchers said that this isolation state also makes inter-module operation a unique challenge. And transmission is a way to achieve operations between modules.
Schematic diagram of deterministic quantum teleportation CNOT gate
The calculation speed of quantum computers may be orders of magnitude faster than existing supercomputers. Now, researchers at Yale University are at the forefront of developing the first fully usable quantum computers and have done pioneering work in quantum computing for superconducting circuits.
Quantum computing is done with fine bits of data called "qubits", which are prone to errors. In experimental quantum systems, "logical" qubits are monitored by "auxiliary" qubits in order to detect and correct errors immediately. "Our experiment is also the first demonstration of two-qubit operations between logical qubits," Schoelkopf said. "This is a milestone in the use of error-correcting qubits for quantum information processing."
This research was published in the online edition of the journal Nature on September 5
Abstract
Quantum computers have the potential to effectively solve problems that are difficult for traditional computers to handle. However, due to the inherent errors and noises in real-world quantum systems, building a large-scale quantum processor is very challenging.
One way to solve this challenge is to use a modular strategy, which is a strategy often used when building complex systems in nature and engineering. The modular approach assembles small specialized components into a larger architecture to manage systems with high complexity and uncertainty.
This promotes the development of quantum modular architecture, in which individual quantum systems can be connected to quantum networks through channels. In this architecture, the basic tool of general quantum computing is the "transportation" of entangled quantum gates, but so far, this long-distance transmission has not been implemented as a deterministic operation.
Now, the researchers transmit the CNOT gate through experiments, and use real-time adaptive control to determine the transmission operation. In addition, we set up a quantum gate between two logical qubits to redundantly encode quantum information in the state of a superconducting cavity, which is a key step towards achieving robust and error-correcting modularity.
Through this error-correcting code, our teleport quantum gate achieves 79% process fidelity. The teleport quantum gate plays a major role in fault-tolerant quantum computing. When implemented in the network, it can have a wide range of applications in quantum communication, measurement and simulation.
If the modular quantum gate transport can be integrated with the quantum error correction protocol, then the modular quantum architecture may become a promising method for fault-tolerant quantum computing in the future.
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