It refers to the energy storage method that uses the electric motor to drive the flywheel to rotate at high speed, convert the electric energy into kinetic energy, and use the flywheel to drive the generator to generate electricity when needed. The flywheel energy storage system mainly comprises three parts: a rotor system, a bearing system and a conversion energy system. There are also support systems such as vacuum, cryogenic, enclosure and control systems. The basic structure is shown in the figure.
![[Knowledge] Overview of the flywheel energy storage system](http://i.bosscdn.com/blog/11/50/01/5640_0.jpg)
There is a built-in motor in the flywheel energy storage device, which is both an electric motor and a generator. When charging, it accelerates the flywheel as a motor; when it discharges, it supplies power to the peripheral as a generator. At this time, the speed of the flywheel decreases continuously; when the flywheel is idle, the entire device operates with minimum loss.
There are no chemically active substances in the flywheel accumulator and no chemical reactions take place. The flywheel during rotation is purely mechanical. The kinetic energy of the flywheel when it is rotating is: E = 1/2Jω^2
Where: J is the moment of inertia of the flywheel, and ω is the angular velocity of the flywheel rotation.
In the actual work, the speed of the flywheel can reach 40,000～50000r/min, the flywheel made of metal can not bear such high speed, so the flywheel is generally made of carbon fiber, which is light and strong, further reducing the whole system. Weight, at the same time, in order to reduce the energy loss during charging and discharging (mainly friction loss), the motor and the flywheel use magnetic bearings to suspend to reduce mechanical friction; at the same time, the flywheel and motor are placed in a vacuum container to Reduce air friction. The net efficiency (input and output) of such a flywheel battery can reach about 95%.
Second, the status quo, development and future of research on flywheel energy storage systems at home and abroad
The flywheel battery is a new concept battery proposed in the 1990s. It breaks through the limitations of chemical batteries and uses physical methods to achieve energy storage. Because it is the mutual conversion of electrical energy and mechanical energy, it will not cause pollution. The flywheel energy storage battery was originally intended to be applied to electric vehicles, but it was not developed at the time of the technical level. Until the 1990s, due to the development of circuit topology, the widespread use of carbon fiber materials, and the worldwide emphasis on pollution, this new type of battery has been developed at a high speed, and with the development of magnetic bearing technology, this battery display A broader application prospect is now rapidly moving from the laboratory to the society.
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