Lei Fengwang (search for "Lei Feng Net" public concern) press: Self-driving cars seem to have suddenly attracted the public's attention, while the discussion of autopilot is also swift, giving people a illusion in the near future. In fact, autopilot is not something new. Pioneer engineers have been involved for many years. In 1975, they proposed the concept of "Electronic Highway" - to let cars run at such a high speed and realize automation. This is similar to the current auto-piloting of automobiles through the cooperation of high-precision map navigation and various types of sensors.
In the late 1950s, the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) announced that it had mastered the technology related to self-driving cars. In the first issue of the "Electronic Age" (RCA's quarterly magazine) issued in January 1958, people thought of the "freeway of the future" in this way:
"Your hand crossed the dashboard, slammed the 'Electronic Drive' button, selected the driving lane, and then the vehicle automatically adjusted to the pre-set speed. Then you lay the chair back and lay down to enjoy the next few On a 100-mile journey, you can read in the car or talk to people who are traveling with you , or even work in the car..."
Incredible? Not at all. As early as October 10, 1957, an automatic driving distance of 400 feet (about 120 meters) had been achieved on the high speeds in the suburbs of Lincoln, the capital city of Nebraska . This is also seen as a major step towards the future of automated highways.
More than two years later, reporters experienced first hand auto-piloting on a freeway on the Princeton test track in New Jersey. These vehicles detect some of the electronic cables buried in the autopilot through sensors mounted on the front bumper . These electronic cables can warn of obstacles in front (such as people or things related to road construction and stopped vehicles) and can also brake or change lanes when necessary. A special receiver on the dashboard will break the radio on the car to inform the driver of the next exit.
Pictured above is an automated driving test vehicle from General Motors (GM). The steering wheel and pedals have been replaced by small joysticks and emergency braking devices. The dashboard shows the current speed and the distance between the car and the vehicle ahead. distance.
The system carried on this test car is the outstanding work of the famous RCA engineer Vladimir Zworykin, who became famous in the television field. In an interview with the IEEE History Center in 1975, he explained the motivation for doing this: “More and more auto accidents and casualties mean that For some actions, my idea is that the control of the car should be given to the road (automated high-speed).
This motive also coincides with some other auto-driving specifiers, such as Charles Adler Jr. who invented the automated speed control system in the late 1920s.
Therefore, from the above data, it can be seen that early engineers did not only have to drive autonomous vehicles, but also built automatic driving highways.
In RCA's view, it takes only 10-20 years to achieve full-automated driving on the freeway, and human drivers can take control of the car as soon as it approaches high speed.
But more than half a century later, we began to slowly accept self-driving cars on the freeway, and the stability and reliability of the transition between the two modes of autopilot and driver control have not been properly resolved.
In an autopilot demonstration held by RCA, the person's description may be closer to today’s automated driving experience:
“We kept a distance of 80-100 feet from the front car, and when it braked, our car stopped flat about 20 feet away. Bypass this car to stop on the other side of the road and activate automatic driving. Starting to accelerate at one-way bends, let us now imagine that we are driving a car in a corner where there is a barrier to sight and we do not know that the car in front of us has stopped, and that the self-driving car obviously does not know. I may have forgotten to switch the switch to artificial driving so that I can use my foot to hit the brakes. Fortunately we didn't bump into it and no one screamed. It may be that automated driving played at that moment."
Tesla’s automatic driver assistance is now being used by users, but accidents occur. Looking at the imagination of the predecessors in the future and looking at our current expectations for the future, it is in fact the same strain. We need to rely on technological advances to ensure the stability and reliability of automated driving and minimize accidents; at the same time, we need all kinds of supplementary measures (policies, roads, maps, etc.) to advance this matter.
In the 1960s, the idea of ​​autonomous driving did not materialize; after half a century, true auto-piloting did not become a reality. Will this unfinished business really be reached in 2021?
Via: IEEE Spectrum “ Self-Driving Cars Were Just Around the Corner—in 1960 â€.
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