Author: ON Semiconductor Product Marketing Manager Matt Tyler
Abstract : In recent years, smart grid has become a hot topic in the industry. Today, all of the smart grid building blocks already exist: ambient light sensors, passive infrared occupancy detectors, RF, low-cost power-saving technology and high-performance lighting control. The next-generation solution will integrate multiple functions into a single cost-optimized device. This level of automation puts information at the user's fingertips, optimizing the energy demand curve while also reducing total power usage. The smart grid will provide users with control and information to maintain equipment, optimize load activity time, and provide a net cost advantage.
The smart grid has become a hot topic in the industry, and intensive design and marketing activities have been going on for many years. With the evolution of smart grids, almost every technology vendor is competing to produce solutions that fit this complex issue. If we take the issue of automation and novelty products, we face a key question: “What is the driving force behind the smart grid?†There is a very fundamental key issue: limited energy. The global situation in recent years has also exacerbated this problem: the popularity of nuclear power production has declined, coal mining costs are high and dangerous, Western economies are too dependent on oil, and not every country has a reliable natural gas supply. Power producers are unable to store their products, making this problem more complex and limiting their ability to respond to increased aggregate demand. Therefore, it is extremely important to smooth the demand curve and improve overall energy efficiency. In order to achieve this goal, power producers are actively working to set up the necessary infrastructure to match the tiered billing (the price of electricity at different points in the day is different). This topic may be hot, maybe not popular; however, tiered billing is inevitable. Therefore, the smart grid is both a problem and a solution.
Smart grid enabled technology
Energy-efficient appliances, lighting, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), and even television, are just a few examples of the fast-growing segment of the global economy. The electricity consumption of refrigerators accounts for about 13% of the average household electricity consumption. This makes the return on investment (ROI) of energy-efficient refrigerators high, but what about the aging of refrigerators? Aging and lack of maintenance can actually lead to excessive consumption of electricity, and residents may be surprised when they receive electricity bills. One possible solution is to measure the power usage at the load end and then compare the actual power usage with the predicted power usage. If the data is accurate enough, it is possible to judge most common failure modes. This has been difficult in the past, simply because of the cost impact of measuring circuits. The next generation of energy metering equipment is actively addressing this issue. Advanced signal processing and sensor technology make it possible to accurately measure the power consumption of electrical or other AC power loads while minimizing the impact on equipment/electrical equipment costs.
Connectivity options in the smart grid are also increasing. In some cases, this is a natural evolution of residential and commercial automation systems. These automated systems paved the way for connected homes/offices. Low-cost wired and wireless communication solutions are essential to put information and control in the hands of families or businesses. Scheduling the active time of certain loads and monitoring the health or operational status of other loads combine to optimize power distribution and minimize energy costs. Next-generation wireless transceivers consume only a fraction of the power of existing solutions. As the automation solution evolves, both power consumption and costs have fallen dramatically.
Figure 1: Smart apps in connected homes
In some environments, walls, snow, distance, radio frequency (RF) interference, and other obstacles can cause connection problems in wireless communication systems. Wired communication methods such as Power Line Carrier (PLC) can connect nodes that are traditionally difficult to connect using wireless solutions. PLC is rapidly becoming the choice of many emerging economies in terms of split-type instrumentation and lighting control because it is reliable and easy to set up.
Lighting is one of the most used areas of electricity, accounting for 35% of the average commercial facility's electricity budget (about 10% of residential use). The evolution of lighting technology is extremely fast, and we can now see that LED technology is approaching maturity. The next step in the lighting control system is the fusion of connectivity and advanced sensor technology to enhance the energy efficiency of lighting systems that have begun to approach theoretical limits. These lighting control systems integrate ambient light sensors (ALS), passive infrared (PIR) occupancy detection and color mixing techniques. Lighting system designers will soon have solutions that offer RF or PLC functionality that provide true closed-loop control that compensates for external light, occupancy, and LED aging conditions. While implementing these features, you can also use a smartphone or other common technology in your home or business environment to control your lighting system. The result is that the work and living space is always illuminated with optimal brightness levels with little or no interference to the user.
Figure 2: LED controller with ZigBee, closed loop control with ALS and PIR
in conclusion
Energy-efficient sensors, communication and control solutions are currently evolving, and they will ultimately enable automation of the entire home and business at a reasonable cost. All building blocks are now available: ambient light sensors, passive infrared occupancy detectors, RF, low-cost power-saving technology and high-performance lighting control. The next-generation solution will integrate multiple functions into a single cost-optimized device. This level of automation puts information at the user's fingertips, optimizing the energy demand curve while also reducing total power usage. Homes and businesses are, to a large extent, tend to provide complete diagnostic feedback (much like today's cars). This will ensure that every part of the system's work delivers maximum energy efficiency and works at the right time of the day. The Smart Grid will provide users with control and information to maintain equipment, optimize load activity time, and provide a net cost advantage.
—— This article is selected from the electronic enthusiast website September special issue “Intelligent Industry Special Issueâ€, please indicate the source, please do it!
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