The microcontroller integrates the CPU, memory, and I/O into a single chip. As long as a few electronic components are added, a simple control system can be constructed. This can reduce the hardware cost of the designed product. Due to the design and manufacturing technology of the MCU chip, too much memory space cannot be designed on a limited chip, so the ROM and RAM capacity on the MCU are relatively small. Don't look at this small chip, the input and output control, the timer counter and the external interrupt control function are added to the chip of the single chip microcomputer. Some also have the serial transmission interface, and even provide A/D (analog/digital Conversion) and D/A (digital/analog conversion) interface.
Designing with a single-chip microcomputer can mainly reduce the hardware cost. It is usually suitable for designing a small and simple control system. The automation equipment that is often touched in daily life. Any product with intelligent control functions is usually designed with a single-chip microcomputer. Other industrial automation controls and electric toys also use a large number of microcontrollers.
The MCUs are divided into five types according to the type of memory:
1. MASKROM class: The program is fabricated into the ROM area by mask process in the chip packaging process. If 80C51 is used, it is suitable for mass production.
2, EPROM class: UV rewritable memory class, such as 87C51 (more expensive).
3, ROMless class: no ROM memory, such as 80C31, the circuit expansion is complex, now less used.
4, OTPROM class: can be written once.
5, FlashROM (MTPROM) class: can be programmed into the memory multiple times, such as the chip supporting the product 89C51, 89S51, etc., its low cost, easy development and debugging, can be repeated programming.
We usually talk about 8051, what is 8031, and now there is 89C51, what is the relationship between them?
MCS51 refers to the general name of a series of single-chip microcomputers produced by INTEL Company of the United States (right, the famous INTEL). This series of single-chip microcomputers includes many varieties, such as 8031, 8051, 8751, 8032, 8052, 8752, etc., of which 8051 is The earliest and most typical products, the other single-chip microcomputers in this series are based on the addition, subtraction and change of functions on the basis of 8051, so people are used to calling the MCS51 series single-chip microcomputer with 8051, and the 8031 ​​is the most in China in previous years. Popular microcontrollers, so many occasions will see the name of the 8031. INTEL has licensed the core technology of MCS51 to many other companies, so many companies are doing 8051-based microcontrollers. Of course, the functions are more or less changed to meet different needs. Among them, 89C51 is in these years. China's very popular microcontroller, it is developed and produced by the American ATMEL company. In the future we will use 89C51, 89S51 to complete a series of experiments.
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