VxWorks is a real-time operating system introduced by Wind River System (hereinafter referred to as Wind River, or WRS). Tornado is a real-time operating system development environment from WRS, similar to Microsoft Visual C, but provides a richer debugging, simulation environment and tools.
VxWorks features
1. VXWORKS is both an operating system and a minimal basic program that can be run.
2, VXWORKS has a BSP (can be considered a low-level driver), can reduce the driver writing process
3, VXWORKS has a powerful debugging ability, can be debugged through the serial port without an emulator.
4, VXWORKS has the software DEBUG function, you can simulate debugging the software part.
5, VXWORKS has a rich library of functions.
6. At the same time, VXWORKS comes with TCP/IP protocol stack.
It is the most likely to reduce the difficulty of software and hardware development of the developer system, reduce the development cycle, and improve the development efficiency. Partial assurance of software and hardware development can be done simultaneously. Several major features of a good operating system:
â— Multi-tasking and preemptible
â— Tasks have priority
â— The operating system has a predictable task synchronization mechanism
â— Support multi-task communication
â— The operating system has a mechanism to eliminate priority transposition
â— Memory optimization management
â— Operating system (interrupt latency, task switching, driver latency, etc.) behavior is known and predictable.
â— Real-time clock service â— Interrupt management service
Users of operating systems want to work in a stable, trustworthy environment, so the reliability of the operating system is the first consideration for users. Stable and reliable has always been a prominent advantage of VxWorks. Since the lifting of the ban on sales in China, VxWorks has won more and more users in China with its good reliability.
real-timeReal-time performance refers to the ability to perform specified functions within a limited time and respond to external asynchronous events. The strength of real-time is measured by the length of time required to complete the specified function and response time.
The real-time performance of VxWorks is very good, the overhead of the system itself is very small, and the system utilities such as process scheduling, inter-process communication, and interrupt processing are refined and effective, and the delay caused by them is very short. The multi-tasking mechanism provided by VxWorks adopts the PreempTIve Priority Scheduling and Round-Robin Scheduling mechanisms to ensure reliable real-time performance and make the same hardware configuration more powerful. The real-time requirements leave more room for application development.
CutabilityWhen the user is using the operating system, it is not used by every component in the operating system. For example, graphical displays, file systems, and some device drivers are often not used in some embedded systems.
VxWorks consists of a small core and some system modules that can be customized as needed. The VxWorks kernel has a minimum of 8kB, and even with the addition of other necessary modules, it takes up very little space without losing its real-time, multitasking system features. Due to its high flexibility, users can easily customize or properly develop this operating system to meet their actual application needs.
Requirements for a real-time kernelA real-time operating system kernel needs to meet the basic requirements of many specific real-time environments, including:
Multitasking: Because of the asynchronous nature of real-world events, it is important to be able to run many concurrent processes or tasks. Multitasking provides a better match to the real world because it allows for multithreaded execution corresponding to many external events. The system kernel allocates CPUs to these tasks for concurrency.
Preemptive scheduling: Real-world events have inherited priorities, which are noted when assigning CPUs. Priority-based preemption scheduling, tasks are assigned priorities, and among the tasks that can be executed (not suspended or waiting for resources), the task with the highest priority is assigned CPU resources. In other words, when a high-priority task becomes executable, it immediately preempts the lower-priority task that is currently running.
Communication and synchronization between tasks: In a real-time system, there may be many tasks performed as part of an application. The system must provide a fast and powerful communication mechanism between these tasks. The kernel also provides the synchronization mechanism needed to effectively share non-preemptable resources or critical sections.
Communication between tasks and interrupts: Although real-world events usually come as interrupts, in order to provide efficient queuing, prioritization, and reduced interrupt latency, we usually want to handle the corresponding work at the task level. Therefore, there is a need for communication between the task level and the interrupt level.
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