LEDs are compact, lightweight, low-drive, full-color, long-life, high-efficiency, vibration-resistant, and easy to control light, providing superior conditions for lighting systems designed for different locations and purposes. People are used to seeing things in the sun. For general lighting, people need mainly light sources close to the quality of sunlight, so white LEDs are an important indicator of semiconductor lighting technology. Since the single LED has low power and low brightness, it is not suitable for use alone. Therefore, it is necessary to assemble a plurality of LEDs together to design a practical LED lighting system. However, there is still a certain distance between the requirements of white LEDs and general lighting, and there are still many technical and cost issues that need to be solved urgently.
Technical Overview semiconductor lighting system 1) lamp system thermal management <br> <br> ships often referred to as LED cold light source, since the LED light-emitting principle is direct photons emitted electrons through the composite, without the need for hot process. However, due to the existence of Joule heat, LEDs also have heat accompanying illumination, and for high power and multiple LED applications, the heat accumulation is small and cannot be underestimated. LEDs are different from traditional illumination sources such as incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps. Excessive temperatures can shorten or even terminate their service life. Moreover, LEDs are temperature-sensitive devices. When the temperature rises, their efficiency drops sharply. Therefore, system structure design and heat dissipation technology development are also issues that LED applications need to face. Since forced air cooling is generally undesirable in light sources, heat sinks and other methods of enhancing natural convection cooling play an increasingly important role in LED lamp and light source design as input electrical power increases.
2) to improve the color <br> <br> white LED current widespread use of yellow-blue-emitting LED superimposed excited by blue light of the yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) phosphor, white light is synthesized. Since the luminescence spectrum contains only two spectra of blue and yellow, there is a problem that the color temperature is high and the color rendering index is low, which does not meet the general lighting requirements. The sensitivity of the human eye to chromatic aberration is much higher than the sensitivity to light intensity. For illumination, the color rendering of a light source is often more important than the luminous efficiency. Therefore, adding an appropriate amount of red-emitting phosphor and maintaining high luminous efficiency is an important issue in LED white light illumination.
3) a secondary optical design lamp system <br> <br> long traditional lighting incandescent lamp, a fluorescent lamp as the light source and the optical reference standard to determine the shape of the lamp, the LED lamp system should be considered instead of the traditional lamps with LED light The module is assembled in such a way that its optical characteristics are fully considered and different lamps are specially designed for the LED light source. The design content of the optical system mainly includes the following aspects: (1) according to the requirements of the illumination object and the luminous flux, determine the shape of the optical system, the number of LEDs and the size of the power; 2 design a plurality of LED lighting tubes into a point light source, a ring light source or The "secondary light source" of the surface light source calculates the illumination optical system according to the combined secondary light source; 3 the light distribution control of each LED tube on the "secondary light source" constituting the illumination optical system design is very important.
Since the beam emitted by the LED is concentrated, it is easier to control, and the reflector is not required to be concentrated, which is advantageous for reducing the depth of the lamp. For example, with a flat mirror optical system, a large surface can be illuminated with only 1 or 2 LEDs, and the depth of the lamp is very thin. With the light guide technology, the LED is directly mounted next to the light pipe, which can greatly reduce the light source and other components. The volume occupied makes an ultra-thin luminaire.
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